A Modified Rao-2 Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow Incorporating Renewable Energy Sources

In this paper, a modified Rao-2 (MRao-2) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of optimal power flow (OPF) in system incorporating renewable energy sources (RES). Quasi-oppositional and Levy flight methods are used improve performance Rao algorithm. To demonstrate effectiveness MRao-2 technique, it tested on two standard test systems: an IEEE 30-bus 118-bus system. The objective function OPF minimization fuel cost five scenarios. reflects three scenarios (without RES, with RES under contingency state), while RES). achieved results various using suggested technique compared those obtained recent techniques: Atom Search Optimization (ASO), Turbulent Flow Water-based (TFWO), Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA), Rao-1, Rao-3 algorithms, as well conventional Those comparisons confirm superiority over other algorithms solving problem.